{"num_reviews":0,"url":"https://covenanthealthproducts.com/synovx-recovery-120-capsules-xymogen/","add_this":[{"service":"facebook","annotation":""},{"service":"twitter","annotation":""},{"service":"linkedin","annotation":""}],"gtin":null,"brand":{"name":"Xymogen","url":"https://covenanthealthproducts.com/xymogen/"},"id":17739,"can_purchase":true,"meta_description":"SynovX Recovery 120 C (Formerly Joint RoX) by Xymogen SAVE NOW with FREE Shipping","category":["Brands/Xymogen Professional Formulas Supplements","Brands/Xymogen","Clinic Recommended Products","Clinic Recommended Products/Bone Joint and Muscle Support Supplements","Clinic Recommended Products/Bone Joint and Muscle Support Supplements/Joint Support Supplements","GLP-1 Support Supplements","GLP-1 Support Supplements/GLP-1 Bone Health"],"AddThisServiceButtonMeta":"","main_image":{"data":"https://cdn11.bigcommerce.com/s-35tuw7jhw2/images/stencil/{:size}/products/17739/39190/SynovX-Recovery-120c-Xymogen_23_11zon__95888.1742378516.jpg?c=1","alt":"SynovX Recovery 120 C by Xymogen"},"add_to_wishlist_url":"/wishlist.php?action=add&product_id=17739","shipping":{"calculated":true},"custom_fields":[{"id":"150708","name":"Brand","value":"<a href='/brands/xymogen-professional-formulas/'><img src=https://cdn11.bigcommerce.com/s-35tuw7jhw2/product_images/uploaded_images/brand-logos/xymogen_278x90.png\" width=\"278\" height=\"90\"></a>"},{"id":"150709","name":"Questions","value":"<a href='/complimentary-product-consultation/'><img src=https://cdn11.bigcommerce.com/s-35tuw7jhw2/product_images/uploaded_images/need_someone_to_talk_to_250px.png\"></a><div><a href=\"/need-product-help\">Talk to an Expert</a></div>"}],"sku":"XY-JOINT","description":"<h3>SynovX Recovery 120 C by Xymogen</h3>\n<p><strong>SynovX Recovery 120 C</strong> is a <a href=\"https://covenanthealthproducts.com/clinic-recommended-products/bone-joint-and-muscle-support-supplements/\">bone joint health supplement</a> designed by Xymogen, a brand known for transparency and science-backed formulas.* It utilizes clinically studied glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfate, harnessing their synergistic benefits for optimal joint health and function.*</p>\n<h3>Who Should Consider SynovX Recovery 120 C by Xymogen?</h3>\n<p><strong>SynovX Recovery 120 C may support your health if you:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>experience frequent bone joint discomfort*</li>\n<li>engage in regular physical activity*</li>\n<li>experience joint health decline due to aging*</li>\n</ul>\n<h3>SynovX Recovery 120 C&mdash;Effects</h3>\n<p><strong>SynovX Recovery 120 C by Xymogen may have the following effects:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>supporting bone joint function*</li>\n<li>supporting proteoglycan synthesis for healthy connective tissue*</li>\n<li>helping protect your cartilage cells*</li>\n<li>enhancing post-exercise muscle recovery*</li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Supplements support your health but do not replace a balanced diet. </strong>Always check with your healthcare practitioner if you have doubts about a new supplement. Book a <a href=\"https://covenanthealthproducts.com/complimentary-product-consultation/\">FREE supplement consultation</a> to learn more about SynovX Recovery 120 C by Xymogen.</p>\n<p><strong>Recommendation:<br /></strong>Xymogen suggests taking two&nbsp;capsules twice daily, or as directed by your healthcare professional.</p>\n<p><strong>Serving Size:</strong> 2 Capsules<br /><strong>Servings Per Container:</strong> 60</p>\n<p><strong>Amount Per Serving:<br /></strong>Glucosamine Sulfate (as glucosamine sulfate sodium chloride) 750 mg<br />Chondroitin Sulfate (as chondroitin sulfate sodium)S1 600 mg<br />Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) 475 mg</p>\n<p><strong>Other Ingredients:</strong> Capsule (hypromellose and water), ascorbyl palmitate, medium-chain triglyceride oil, and silica.</p>\n<p><strong>Contains:&nbsp;</strong>Crustacean shellfish (shrimp and crab).</p>\n<p><strong>Does Not Contain:</strong> Wheat, gluten, corn, yeast, soy, dairy products, fish, peanuts, tree nuts, egg, ingredients derived from genetically modified organisms (GMOs), artificial colors, artificial sweeteners, and artificial preservatives.</p>\n<p><strong>Caution:&nbsp;</strong>Consult your healthcare professional prior to use. Individuals taking warfarin or other medication should discuss potential interactions with their healthcare professional. Do not use if tamper seal is damaged.</p>\n<p><strong>Storage:</strong> Keep closed in a cool, dry place out of reach of children. <strong>Trademarks: <br /></strong>S1. CSBIOACTIVE<sup>&trade;</sup>&nbsp;is a trademark licensed by Bioib&eacute;rica, S.A.U.</p>\n<p><a href=\"../../../../content/synovx20recovery20rv-drs-121-022814-final-em.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Click here to view New Data Sheet</a></p>\n<p><em><small> LEGAL NOTICE: Xymogen's Exclusive Professional Formulas are available through select licensed health care professionals. The Internet Sale and Discounting of XYMOGEN formulas are strictly prohibited. covenanthealthproducts.com makes XYMOGEN formulas available only to patients of our clinic. If you are a patient of covenanthealthproducts.com, you may inquire about XYMOGEN by calling (800) 627-6518 </small> </em></p>\n<p><strong>References:</strong></p>\n<ol>\n<li>Kahan, A., Uebelhart, D., De Vathaire, F., et al. (2009). Long-term effects of chondroitins 4 and 6 sulfate on knee osteoarthritis: The study on osteoarthritis progression prevention, a two-year, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. <em>Arthritis &amp; Rheumatism, 60</em>(2), 524&ndash;533. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.24320</li>\n<li>M&ouml;ller, I., P&eacute;rez, M., Monfort, J., et al. (2010). Effectiveness of chondroitin sulphate in patients with concomitant knee osteoarthritis and psoriasis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. <em>Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 18</em>(Suppl 1), S32&ndash;S40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2010.02.018</li>\n<li>Wildi, L. M., Raynauld, J. P., Martel-Pelletier, J., et al. (2011). Chondroitin sulphate reduces both cartilage volume loss and bone marrow lesions in knee osteoarthritis patients starting as early as 6 months after initiation of therapy: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study using MRI. <em>Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 70</em>(6), 982&ndash;989. https://doi.org/10.1136/ard.2010.139386</li>\n<li>Hochberg, M. C., &amp; Clegg, D. O. (2008). Potential effects of chondroitin sulfate on joint swelling: A GAIT report. <em>Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 16</em>(Suppl 3), S22&ndash;S24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2008.06.014</li>\n<li>Adebowale, A., Du, J., Liang, Z., et al. (2002). The bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of glucosamine hydrochloride and low molecular weight chondroitin sulfate after single and multiple doses to beagle dogs. <em>Biopharmaceutics &amp; Drug Disposition, 23</em>(6), 217&ndash;225. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdd.320</li>\n<li>Tat, S. K., Pelletier, J. P., Mineau, F., et al. (2010). Variable effects of 3 different chondroitin sulfate compounds on human osteoarthritic cartilage/chondrocytes: Relevance of purity and production process. <em>The Journal of Rheumatology, 37</em>(3), 656&ndash;664. https://doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.090556</li>\n<li>Barnhill, J. G., Fye, C. L., Williams, W., et al. (2006). Chondroitin product selection for the glucosamine/chondroitin arthritis intervention trial. <em>Journal of the American Pharmacists Association, 46</em>(1), 14&ndash;24. https://doi.org/10.1331/154434506775268822</li>\n<li>Glucosamine. (n.d.). Retrieved February 4, 2014, from http://www.naturalstandard.com/databases/herbssupplements/glucosamine.asp</li>\n<li>Kelly, G. S. (1998). The role of glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfates in the treatment of degenerative joint disease. <em>Alternative Medicine Review, 3</em>(1), 27&ndash;39.</li>\n<li>Igarashi, M., Kaga, I., Takamori, Y., et al. (2011). Effects of glucosamine derivatives and uronic acids on the production of glycosaminoglycans by human synovial cells and chondrocytes. <em>International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 27</em>(6), 821&ndash;827. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2011.666</li>\n<li>Kapoor, M., Mineau, F., Fahmi, H., et al. (2012). Glucosamine sulfate reduces prostaglandin E2 production in osteoarthritic chondrocytes through inhibition of microsomal PGE synthase-1. <em>The Journal of Rheumatology, 39</em>(3), 635&ndash;644. https://doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.110815</li>\n<li>Largo, R., Alvarez-Soria, M. A., D&iacute;ez-Ortego, I., et al. (2003). Glucosamine inhibits IL-1beta-induced NFkappaB activation in human osteoarthritic chondrocytes. <em>Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 11</em>(4), 290&ndash;298. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1063-4584(02)00261-5</li>\n<li>Selvan, T., Rajiah, K., Nainar, M. S., et al. (2012). A clinical study on glucosamine sulfate versus combination of glucosamine sulfate and NSAIDs in mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis. <em>The Scientific World Journal, 2012</em>, 902676. https://doi.org/10.1100/2012/902676</li>\n<li>Tat, S. K., Pelletier, J. P., Verg&eacute;s, J., et al. (2007). Chondroitin and glucosamine sulfate in combination decrease the pro-resorptive properties of human osteoarthritis subchondral bone osteoblasts: A basic science study. <em>Arthritis Research &amp; Therapy, 9</em>(6), R117. https://doi.org/10.1186/ar2312</li>\n<li>Lippiello, L., Woodward, J., Karpman, R., et al. (2000). In vivo chondroprotection and metabolic synergy of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate. <em>Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 381</em>, 229&ndash;240. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003086-200012000-00030</li>\n<li>Clegg, D. O., Reda, D. J., Harris, C. L., et al. (2006). Glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, and the two in combination for painful knee osteoarthritis. <em>New England Journal of Medicine, 354</em>(8), 795&ndash;808. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa052771</li>\n<li>Fransen, M., Agaliotis, M., Nairn, L., et al. (2014). Glucosamine and chondroitin for knee osteoarthritis: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluating single and combination regimens. <em>Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases</em>. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204808</li>\n<li>Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM). (2003). Monograph. <em>Alternative Medicine Review, 8</em>(4), 438&ndash;441.</li>\n<li>Brien, S., Prescott, P., &amp; Lewith, G. (2011). Meta-analysis of the related nutritional supplements dimethyl sulfoxide and methylsulfonylmethane in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. <em>Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2011</em>, 528403. https://doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nen023</li>\n<li>Usha, P. R., &amp; Naidu, M. U. (2004). Randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled study of oral glucosamine, methylsulfonylmethane and their combination in osteoarthritis. <em>Clinical Drug Investigation, 24</em>(6), 353&ndash;363. https://doi.org/10.2165/00044011-200424060-00002</li>\n<li>Kalman, D. S., Feldman, S., Scheinberg, A. R., et al. (2012). Influence of methylsulfonylmethane on markers of exercise recovery and performance in healthy men: A pilot study. <em>Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 9</em>(1), 46. https://doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-9-46</li>\n<li>Barmaki, S., Bohlooli, S., Khoshkhahesh, F., et al. (2012). Effect of methylsulfonylmethane supplementation on exercise-induced muscle damage and total antioxidant capacity. <em>Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 52</em>(2), 170&ndash;174.</li>\n</ol>","tags":[],"warranty":"","price":{"without_tax":{"formatted":"$67.99","value":67.99,"currency":"USD"},"tax_label":"Tax"},"detail_messages":"","availability":"Usually Ships in 48 to 72 Hours","page_title":"SynovX Recovery 120 C (Formerly Joint RoX) by Xymogen - Covenant Health Products","cart_url":"https://covenanthealthproducts.com/cart.php","max_purchase_quantity":0,"mpn":"300000887","upc":"871149000455","options":[{"id":36561,"type":"Configurable_PickList_Set","display_name":"Recurring Order","required":true,"condition":false,"state":"modifier","values":[{"label":"One Time Purchase","id":48845,"data":"One Time Purchase","selected":true},{"label":"Every 20 Days","id":48846,"data":"Every 20 Days","selected":false},{"label":"Every 30 Days","id":48847,"data":"Every 30 Days","selected":false},{"label":"Every 40 Days","id":48848,"data":"Every 40 Days","selected":false},{"label":"Every 45 Days","id":159647,"data":"Every 45 Days","selected":false},{"label":"Every 60 Days","id":48849,"data":"Every 60 Days","selected":false},{"label":"Every 90 Days","id":48850,"data":"Every 90 Days","selected":false},{"label":"Every 120 Days","id":48851,"data":"Every 120 Days","selected":false},{"label":"Every 180 Days","id":48852,"data":"Every 180 Days","selected":false}],"partial":"set-select"}],"related_products":[{"id":23409,"sku":"ARG-MSM3","name":"MSM 500mg 150c","url":"https://covenanthealthproducts.com/msm-500mg-150-capsules-by-allergy-research-group","availability":"Usually Ships in 48 to 72 Hours","rating":0,"brand":{"name":"Allergy Research Group"},"category":["Brands/Allergy Research Group Supplements and Vitamins"],"summary":"MSM 500mg 150c by Allergy Research GroupMSM 500mg by Allergy Research Group provides a bioavailable form of sulfur related to dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Sulfur is an element found in all living...","image":{"data":"https://cdn11.bigcommerce.com/s-35tuw7jhw2/images/stencil/{:size}/products/23409/36728/MSM_Methylsulfonylmethane_150_caps_Allergy_Research__45598.1738524897.jpg?c=1","alt":"MSM 500mg 150c by Allergy Research Group"},"images":[{"data":"https://cdn11.bigcommerce.com/s-35tuw7jhw2/images/stencil/{:size}/products/23409/36728/MSM_Methylsulfonylmethane_150_caps_Allergy_Research__45598.1738524897.jpg?c=1","alt":"MSM 500mg 150c by Allergy Research Group"}],"date_added":"Dec 06, 2021","pre_order":false,"show_cart_action":true,"has_options":true,"stock_level":null,"low_stock_level":null,"qty_in_cart":0,"custom_fields":[{"id":127182,"name":"Brand","value":"<a href='/brands/allergy-research-group/'><img src=https://cdn11.bigcommerce.com/s-35tuw7jhw2/product_images/uploaded_images/brand-logos/allergy-research-group_278x90.png\" width=\"278\" height=\"90\"></a>"},{"id":127183,"name":"Questions","value":"<a href='/complimentary-product-consultation/'><img src=https://cdn11.bigcommerce.com/s-35tuw7jhw2/product_images/uploaded_images/need_someone_to_talk_to_250px.png\"></a><div><a href=\"/need-product-help\">Talk to an Expert</a></div>"}],"num_reviews":0,"weight":{"formatted":"0.00 Ounces","value":0},"demo":false,"price":{"without_tax":{"currency":"USD","formatted":"$25.89","value":25.89},"tax_label":"Tax"},"add_to_wishlist_url":"/wishlist.php?action=add&product_id=23409"},{"id":25180,"sku":"XY-SYN-CALM","name":"SynovX Calm 60 C","url":"https://covenanthealthproducts.com/synovx-calm-60-capsules-xymogen/","availability":"Usually Ships in 48 to 72 Hours","rating":0,"brand":{"name":"Xymogen"},"category":["Brands/Xymogen Professional Formulas Supplements","Brands/Xymogen"],"summary":"\n\n\nSynovX Calm 60 C by Xymogen\nSynovX Calm by Xymogen is crafted to alleviate tension and soothe occasional muscle strain resulting from overexertion. Enriched with time-honored botanical extracts...","image":{"data":"https://cdn11.bigcommerce.com/s-35tuw7jhw2/images/stencil/{:size}/products/25180/39188/SynovX-Calm-60c-Xymogen_21_11zon__53317.1742378116.jpg?c=1","alt":"SynovX Calm 60 C by Xymogen"},"images":[{"data":"https://cdn11.bigcommerce.com/s-35tuw7jhw2/images/stencil/{:size}/products/25180/39188/SynovX-Calm-60c-Xymogen_21_11zon__53317.1742378116.jpg?c=1","alt":"SynovX Calm 60 C by Xymogen"}],"date_added":"Dec 06, 2021","pre_order":false,"show_cart_action":true,"has_options":true,"stock_level":null,"low_stock_level":null,"qty_in_cart":0,"custom_fields":[{"id":150700,"name":"Brand","value":"<a href='/brands/xymogen-professional-formulas/'><img src=https://cdn11.bigcommerce.com/s-35tuw7jhw2/product_images/uploaded_images/brand-logos/xymogen_278x90.png\" width=\"278\" height=\"90\"></a>"},{"id":150701,"name":"Questions","value":"<a href='/complimentary-product-consultation/'><img src=https://cdn11.bigcommerce.com/s-35tuw7jhw2/product_images/uploaded_images/need_someone_to_talk_to_250px.png\"></a><div><a href=\"/need-product-help\">Talk to an Expert</a></div>"}],"num_reviews":0,"weight":{"formatted":"0.00 Ounces","value":0},"demo":false,"price":{"without_tax":{"currency":"USD","formatted":"$34.99","value":34.99},"tax_label":"Tax"},"add_to_wishlist_url":"/wishlist.php?action=add&product_id=25180"}],"shipping_messages":[],"rating":0,"reviews":{"messages":[],"captcha":"6LdWf8gSAAAAAI83aRectJhbwidegZKk8PzWBltH","total":0,"show_review_email":true,"recaptcha":{"enabled":1,"public_key":"6LdWf8gSAAAAAI83aRectJhbwidegZKk8PzWBltH","markup":"<div class=\"g-recaptcha\" data-sitekey=\"6LcjX0sbAAAAACp92-MNpx66FT4pbIWh-FTDmkkz\"></div><br/>"}},"bulk_discount_rates":[],"meta_keywords":"","show_quantity_input":1,"title":"SynovX Recovery 120 C","gift_wrapping_available":false,"min_purchase_quantity":1,"customizations":[],"images":[{"data":"https://cdn11.bigcommerce.com/s-35tuw7jhw2/images/stencil/{:size}/products/17739/39190/SynovX-Recovery-120c-Xymogen_23_11zon__95888.1742378516.jpg?c=1","alt":"SynovX Recovery 120 C by Xymogen"}]}
SynovX Recovery 120 C by Xymogen

SynovX Recovery 120 C

Xymogen

$67.99
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SKU:
XY-JOINT
UPC:
871149000455
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SynovX Recovery 120 C by Xymogen

SynovX Recovery 120 C is a bone joint health supplement designed by Xymogen, a brand known for transparency and science-backed formulas.* It utilizes clinically studied glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfate, harnessing their synergistic benefits for optimal joint health and function.*

Who Should Consider SynovX Recovery 120 C by Xymogen?

SynovX Recovery 120 C may support your health if you:

  • experience frequent bone joint discomfort*
  • engage in regular physical activity*
  • experience joint health decline due to aging*

SynovX Recovery 120 C—Effects

SynovX Recovery 120 C by Xymogen may have the following effects:

  • supporting bone joint function*
  • supporting proteoglycan synthesis for healthy connective tissue*
  • helping protect your cartilage cells*
  • enhancing post-exercise muscle recovery*

Supplements support your health but do not replace a balanced diet. Always check with your healthcare practitioner if you have doubts about a new supplement. Book a FREE supplement consultation to learn more about SynovX Recovery 120 C by Xymogen.

Recommendation:
Xymogen suggests taking two capsules twice daily, or as directed by your healthcare professional.

Serving Size: 2 Capsules
Servings Per Container: 60

Amount Per Serving:
Glucosamine Sulfate (as glucosamine sulfate sodium chloride) 750 mg
Chondroitin Sulfate (as chondroitin sulfate sodium)S1 600 mg
Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) 475 mg

Other Ingredients: Capsule (hypromellose and water), ascorbyl palmitate, medium-chain triglyceride oil, and silica.

Contains: Crustacean shellfish (shrimp and crab).

Does Not Contain: Wheat, gluten, corn, yeast, soy, dairy products, fish, peanuts, tree nuts, egg, ingredients derived from genetically modified organisms (GMOs), artificial colors, artificial sweeteners, and artificial preservatives.

Caution: Consult your healthcare professional prior to use. Individuals taking warfarin or other medication should discuss potential interactions with their healthcare professional. Do not use if tamper seal is damaged.

Storage: Keep closed in a cool, dry place out of reach of children. Trademarks:
S1. CSBIOACTIVE™ is a trademark licensed by Bioibérica, S.A.U.

Click here to view New Data Sheet

LEGAL NOTICE: Xymogen's Exclusive Professional Formulas are available through select licensed health care professionals. The Internet Sale and Discounting of XYMOGEN formulas are strictly prohibited. covenanthealthproducts.com makes XYMOGEN formulas available only to patients of our clinic. If you are a patient of covenanthealthproducts.com, you may inquire about XYMOGEN by calling (800) 627-6518

References:

  1. Kahan, A., Uebelhart, D., De Vathaire, F., et al. (2009). Long-term effects of chondroitins 4 and 6 sulfate on knee osteoarthritis: The study on osteoarthritis progression prevention, a two-year, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis & Rheumatism, 60(2), 524–533. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.24320
  2. Möller, I., Pérez, M., Monfort, J., et al. (2010). Effectiveness of chondroitin sulphate in patients with concomitant knee osteoarthritis and psoriasis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 18(Suppl 1), S32–S40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2010.02.018
  3. Wildi, L. M., Raynauld, J. P., Martel-Pelletier, J., et al. (2011). Chondroitin sulphate reduces both cartilage volume loss and bone marrow lesions in knee osteoarthritis patients starting as early as 6 months after initiation of therapy: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study using MRI. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 70(6), 982–989. https://doi.org/10.1136/ard.2010.139386
  4. Hochberg, M. C., & Clegg, D. O. (2008). Potential effects of chondroitin sulfate on joint swelling: A GAIT report. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 16(Suppl 3), S22–S24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2008.06.014
  5. Adebowale, A., Du, J., Liang, Z., et al. (2002). The bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of glucosamine hydrochloride and low molecular weight chondroitin sulfate after single and multiple doses to beagle dogs. Biopharmaceutics & Drug Disposition, 23(6), 217–225. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdd.320
  6. Tat, S. K., Pelletier, J. P., Mineau, F., et al. (2010). Variable effects of 3 different chondroitin sulfate compounds on human osteoarthritic cartilage/chondrocytes: Relevance of purity and production process. The Journal of Rheumatology, 37(3), 656–664. https://doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.090556
  7. Barnhill, J. G., Fye, C. L., Williams, W., et al. (2006). Chondroitin product selection for the glucosamine/chondroitin arthritis intervention trial. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association, 46(1), 14–24. https://doi.org/10.1331/154434506775268822
  8. Glucosamine. (n.d.). Retrieved February 4, 2014, from http://www.naturalstandard.com/databases/herbssupplements/glucosamine.asp
  9. Kelly, G. S. (1998). The role of glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfates in the treatment of degenerative joint disease. Alternative Medicine Review, 3(1), 27–39.
  10. Igarashi, M., Kaga, I., Takamori, Y., et al. (2011). Effects of glucosamine derivatives and uronic acids on the production of glycosaminoglycans by human synovial cells and chondrocytes. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 27(6), 821–827. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2011.666
  11. Kapoor, M., Mineau, F., Fahmi, H., et al. (2012). Glucosamine sulfate reduces prostaglandin E2 production in osteoarthritic chondrocytes through inhibition of microsomal PGE synthase-1. The Journal of Rheumatology, 39(3), 635–644. https://doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.110815
  12. Largo, R., Alvarez-Soria, M. A., Díez-Ortego, I., et al. (2003). Glucosamine inhibits IL-1beta-induced NFkappaB activation in human osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 11(4), 290–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1063-4584(02)00261-5
  13. Selvan, T., Rajiah, K., Nainar, M. S., et al. (2012). A clinical study on glucosamine sulfate versus combination of glucosamine sulfate and NSAIDs in mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis. The Scientific World Journal, 2012, 902676. https://doi.org/10.1100/2012/902676
  14. Tat, S. K., Pelletier, J. P., Vergés, J., et al. (2007). Chondroitin and glucosamine sulfate in combination decrease the pro-resorptive properties of human osteoarthritis subchondral bone osteoblasts: A basic science study. Arthritis Research & Therapy, 9(6), R117. https://doi.org/10.1186/ar2312
  15. Lippiello, L., Woodward, J., Karpman, R., et al. (2000). In vivo chondroprotection and metabolic synergy of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 381, 229–240. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003086-200012000-00030
  16. Clegg, D. O., Reda, D. J., Harris, C. L., et al. (2006). Glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, and the two in combination for painful knee osteoarthritis. New England Journal of Medicine, 354(8), 795–808. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa052771
  17. Fransen, M., Agaliotis, M., Nairn, L., et al. (2014). Glucosamine and chondroitin for knee osteoarthritis: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluating single and combination regimens. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204808
  18. Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM). (2003). Monograph. Alternative Medicine Review, 8(4), 438–441.
  19. Brien, S., Prescott, P., & Lewith, G. (2011). Meta-analysis of the related nutritional supplements dimethyl sulfoxide and methylsulfonylmethane in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2011, 528403. https://doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nen023
  20. Usha, P. R., & Naidu, M. U. (2004). Randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled study of oral glucosamine, methylsulfonylmethane and their combination in osteoarthritis. Clinical Drug Investigation, 24(6), 353–363. https://doi.org/10.2165/00044011-200424060-00002
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